Lesson 15: Ir (to go) + Examples

Ir (to go)
Yo voy	I go/I am going
Tú vas	You go/ You are going
él va	He goes/ He is going
Ella va	She goes/ She is going
Vd. va	You go/ You are going (Sglr)
Nosotros vamos	We go/ We are going
Vosotros vais	You go/ You are going
Ellos van	They go / They are going
Ellas van	They go / They are going
Vds. van	They go / They are going

Examples

Have you seen John today?	Ha visto Vd. hoy Juan?
Are you looking for your brother?	Busca Vd. su hermano?
I am listening to the birds, their voices are very tuneful.	Yo escucho los pajaros, sus voces son muy melodiosas.

Past tense and Present Perfect Tense used alternatively in Spanish.

When did you see soldiers? (When have you seen the soldiers?)

Cuando ha visto Vd. los soldados?

What did you say to the lawyer?	Qué ha dicho Vd. al abogado?
Today I have worked much but I am not tired.	Hoy yo he trabajado mucho, pero yo no estoy cansado.
Where is the general? He is working in the garden.	Donde está el general? él está trabajando en el jardin.
She is writing to her cousin.	Ella está escribiendo a su primo.
The bird is singing in the garden.	El pájaro está cantando en el jardin.
How many workmen did you see in the fields?	A cuántos obreros ha visto ha visto Vd. en los campos.
The pupils are in the school, listening to the professor.	Los alumnos están  en la escuela, escuchando al professor.

Lesson 14: Translation Examples

The generals have missed the train.	Los generals han perdido el tren.
Have you seen to the soldiers who have arrived from Madrid? (Have seen you)	Ha visto Vd. a lost soldados que ha llegado de Madrid
I have sold my books and I have enough money to buy two bottles of wine.	Yo he vendido mis libros y yo tengo bastante dinero para comprar doce botellas de vino.
I have enough money to travel to Madrid	Yo tengo bastante dinero para viajar a Madrid.
The woman has sent a letter to her son, who has a house in Madrid, with two rooms.	La mujer ha mandado una carta a su hijo, que tiene una casa en Madrid, con doce habitaciónes.

I look/ I am looking is one and the same as far as translation is concerned.

I am looking for the newspaper, which John has lost.

Yo busco el periodic, que ha perdido Juan.

Have you bought the watches? (Have bought you)	Ha comprador Vd. los relojes?
Have they not sold their cars? (Not have sold they)	No ha vendido ellos sus autómoviles?
The man wishes to call to his wife.	El hombre quiere llemar a su mujer. (la mujer de él)
Have you seen to the uncle of the doctor? (Have seen you)	Ha visto vd. al tío del medico?
Have you enough money in your pocket to buy apples?	Tiene Vd. bastante dinero en sus bolsillo para comprar manzanas.

Lesson 13: Classical Personal Pronouns

	Masculine		Feminine
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Mine	Mío	Míos	Mía	Mías
Thine/his/hers/ theirs/yours/its	Suyo	Suyos	Suya	Suyas
Ours	Nuestro	Nuestros	Nuestra	Nuestras
Yours	Vuestro	Vuestros	Vuestra	Vuestras

Examples

The apples which are on the table are mine.	Las manzanas que estan sobre la mesa son mías.
A relation of mine is in Madrid.	Un pariente mio está en Madrid.
Where is my horse? Ours is here, yours is in the stable.	Dónde está mi caballo? El nuestro está aqui, suyo está en la cuadre.
We are pleased today, two cousins of our have arrived here from England.	Nosotros estamos may contentos hoy, dos primos nuestros han llegado aquí de Inglaterra.
I do not have the watch, which you wish to buy.	Yo no tengo el reloj, que Vd. quiere comprar.
I want to buy a watch today.	Yo quiero comprar un reloj hoy.
We have sold the book of Charles.	Nosotros hemos vendido el libro de Carlos.
I have written five letters today.	Yo he escrito cinco cartas hoy.
I do not have enough money to buy wine.	Yo no tengo bastante dinero para comprar vino.
My brother has not arrived at Madrid.	Mi hermano no he llegado a Madrid.
Don’t you wish to buy doctor car? (Not wish you…)	No quiere Vd. comprar el automóvil del médico.
Have you seen to the king?	Ha visto Vd. al rey?
We have spent the four pesetas, which I have found today.	Nosotros hemos gastado las cuarto pesetas, que yo he hallado hoy.

Lesson 12: Numbers

0	Cero
1	Unos	11	Once
2	Dos	12	Doce
3	Tres	13	Trece
4	Cuarto	14	Catorce
5	Cinco	15	Quince
6	Seis	16	Dieciséis
7	Siete	17	Diecisiete
8	Ocho	18	Dieciocho
9	Nueve	19	Diecinueve
10	Diez	20	Veinte

Lesson 11: Hube (had)

Hube (had)

Singular	Plural
	Male	Female
Yo hube (I had)	Nosotros hubimos (we had)	Nosotras hubimos (we had)
Tú hubiste (you had)	Vosotros hubistéis (you had)	Vosotras hubistéis (you had)
él hubo  (he had)	Ellos hubieron (they had)
Ella hubo (she had)		Ellas hubieron (they had)
Vd./usted hubo (You had) (respectfully)	Vds. hubieron (you had)

Examples

Have you not seen the knife, which I lost in one of the rooms of your house.	No ha visto Vd. el cuchillo, que yo he perdido en una de los habitaciónes de su casa.
We will look for the daughter of the general.	Nosotros buscaremos la hijo de general.
I will call to the boy, who is speaking in the street with the uncle of John.	Yo llamaré al muchacho, que está hablando en la calle con el tio de Juan.

Lesson 10: Querer (to want) + Examples

Querer (to want)

Singular	Plural
	Male	Female
Yo quiero (I want)	Nosotros queremos (we want)	Nosotras queremos (we want)
Tú quieres (you want)	Vosotros queréis (you want)	Vosotras queréis (you want)
él quiere  (he wants	Ellos quieren (they want)
Ella quiere (she wants)		Ellas quieren (they want)
Vd./usted quiere (You want) (respectfully)	Vds. quieren (you want)

Vocabulary

llmar	To call
Mandar	To send
Que	Who/which/what
Ayer	Yesterday
Para	In order to/to
Periodico	Newspaper
Bolsillo	Pocket/purse
Bastante	enough
Peseta	currency
Vender	To sell
Escribir	To write
ver	To see
hermano	Brother
Bastante	Enough
Gastar	To spend
Buscar	To look for

Lesson 9: Translation Rules

• Not/No is placed before the verb/auxiliary verb.

Will you not buy some pencils?	Not will buy you some pencils	No comprará Vd. unos lápices?
I have not seen the knife.	I not have seen the knife	Yo no he visto el cuchilo
You have not written the letter.	You not have written the letter.	Vd. no ha escrito la carta.

• When the present tense of haber is used in an interrogative sentence, the subject is generally placed after the past participle.

Have men arrived?	Have arrived the men?	Han llegado los hombres?
Have you spent your money?	Have spent you your money?	Han gastado Vds. su dinero?
Has he not found his books?	Not has found he his books?	No ha hallodo él su libros?
Has she bought any coffee?	Has bought she any coffee?	Ha comprador ella café?

“any” is generally not translated before any noun in Spanish.

Lesson 8: Personal Pronouns and their usage

	Masculine		Feminine
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
My	Mi	Mis	Mi	Mis
They (your)	Tu	Tus	Tu	Tus
His/her/its/their/your	Su	Sus	Su	Sus (de Vd. = your)
Our	Nuestro	Nuestros	Nuestra	Nuestras
Your	Vuestro	Vuestros	Vuestra	Vuestras

 

Examples

My friend and his wife will take the train immediately	Mi amigo y su mujer tomarán el tren luego
The kings have their palaces, we have our houses	El reyes tienen sus palacios, nosotros tenemos nuestras casas
I will speak to my husband and to his friends	Yo hablaré a mi marido (esposo) y a sus amigos
I will buy your house, it has seven rooms	Yo compraré la casa de Vd., tiene seita habitaciones
We shall arrive at Madrid in our car	Nosotros llegaremos a Madrid en nuestro automóvil
My grandfather takes a cup of coffee with his wife	Mi abuelo toma taza de café con su mujer
Your friend has a house with eight rooms	El amigo Vd. de tiene una casa con ocho habitaciones
We shall buy a house in the centre of the city where there is a square	Nosotros compraremos una casa en el centro de la ciudad, donde hay una plaza
They are twelve houses in the street	Hay doce casas en la calle
They have two motor cars	Vosotros tienen dos automóviles
The doctor has six horses	El medico tiene seis caballos
Have you wine in your bottle?	Tiene Vd. vino en su botella?
She will buy some apples	Ella compara unas manzanas
When will you take your hat?	Cuando tomara Vd. su sombrero?

Lesson 7: Some examples

Luego	Shortly/Immediately
Bottela	Bottle
Habitación	Room
Vino	Wine
Café	Coffee (M)
Estación	Station
Llegar	To arrive
Con	With
De	Of/From
A	To/At
En	In
Plaza	Square
Taza	Cup
Hay	There is/There are
Hoy	Today
Comprar	To buy

 

We shall buy the house in the sky	Nosotros compraremos la casa en la ciudad
We buy the house	Nosotros compramos la casa
I will speak to the friend and the girlfriend	Yo hablaré al amigo y la amiga
I will take the train immediately	Yo tomaré el tren luego
We shall arrive at Madrid today	Nosotros llegaremos a Madrid hoy

 

Lesson 6: Verb ending in ar/er/ir and their usage

Tomar (to take)

Present Tense		Future Tense
Yo tomO	I take/I am taking	Yo tomarÉ	I will take
Tú tomAS	You take/You are taking	Tú tomaráS	You will take
Él tomA	He takes/He is taking	Él tomará	He will take
Ella tomA	She takes/She is taking	Ella tomará	She will take
Vd. TomA	You take/You are taking	Vd. tomará	You will take
Nosotros tomAMOS	We take/We are taking	Nosotros tomarEMOS	We will take
Vosotros tomáIS	You take/You are taking	Vosotros tomarÉIS	You will take
Ellos tomAN	They take/They are taking (M. Plr.)	Ellos tomaráN	They will take(M. Plr.)
Ellas tomAN	They take/They are taking (F. Plr.)	Ellas tomaráN	They will take (F. Plr.)
Vds. tomAN	You take/You are taking (Plr.)	Vds. tomaráN	You will take(Plr.)

Present participle = tomando (taking)
Past participle = tomado (taken)
Yo he tomado (I have taken)

Comer (to eat)

Present Tense		Future Tense
Yo comO	I eat/I am eating	Yo comerÉ	I will eat
Tú comES	You eat/You are eating	Tú comeráS	You will eat
Él comE	He eat/He is eating	Él comerá	He will eat
Ella comE	She eat/She is eating	Ella comerá	She will eat
Vd. come	You eat/You are eating	Vd. comerá	You will eat
Nosotros comEMOS	We eat/We are eating	Nosotros comerEMOS	We will eat
Vosotros comÉIS	You eat/You are eating	Vosotros comerÉIS	You will eat
Ellos comEN	They eat/They are eating (M. Plr.)	Ellos comeráN	They will eat(M. Plr.)
Ellas comEN	They eat/They are eating (F. Plr.)	Ellas comeráN	They will eat(F. Plr.)
Vds. comEN	You eat/You are eating (Plr.)	Vds. comeráN	You will eat(Plr.)

Present participle = comiendo (eating)
Past participle = comido (eaten)

Vivir (to live)

Present Tense		Future Tense
Yo vivO	I live/I am living	Yo vivirÉ	I will live
Tú vivES	You live/You are living	Tú viviráS	You will live
Él vivE	He live/He is living	Él vivirá	He will live
Ella vivE	She live/She is living	Ella vivirá	She will live
Vd. vive	You live/You are living	Vd. vivirá	You will live
Nosotros vivIMOS	We live/We are living	Nosotros vivirEMOS	We will live
Vosotros vivíS	You live/You are living	Vosotros vivirÉIS	You will live
Ellos vivEN	They live/They are living (M. Plr.)	Ellos viviráN	They will live(M. Plr.)
Ellas vivEN	They live/They are living (F. Plr.)	Ellas viviráN	They will live(F. Plr.)
Vds. vivEN	You live/You are living (Plr.)	Vds. viviráN	You will live(Plr.

Present participle = viviendo (living)
Past participle = vivido (lived)
Yo estoy viviendo (I am living) Yo he vivido (I have lived)